A Ledger firmware update is a device-software task shown through Ledger Wallet and the device screen. The useful review is version, prompt, screen task, and completion state, not a broad technical explanation.

Define the firmware update task
Firmware belongs to the device layer. Name the version and device model before treating it as an app or connection issue.
Read the app prompt first
Ledger Wallet shows the update entry and status. If the app itself is not ready, return to Ledger Wallet Download and Installation Guide.
Watch the device screen
The device screen should confirm the task being performed. If recognition or cable path changes, use Why Ledger Will Not Connect to a PC.
Record completion state
After the update, record version, device model, app prompt, and screen state. Keep recovery phrase and PIN out of the note.